SANTA CATERINA D’ALESSANDRIA A GALATINA di Sergio Spatola e Gianluca Anglana – Numero 5 – Luglio 2016

art_spatola-copertina
cat-sud
cat-arte
cat-storia
Sergio-Spatola
Lo-scrigno

A presentare “lo scrigno che gelosamente custodisce le memorie sacre e profane dell’umile terra” è Padre Adiuto Putignani1, che, già nel 1948, comprese che “chi l’ha vista una volta la vuol rivedere; chi l’ha amata non la dimenticherà più mai”.

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function hugeitframe() { jQuery('.huge-it-iframe.autoplay').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); if(window['player_'+el_id]) { window['player_'+el_id]['playVideo'](); clearInterval(setplayVideo); } }); } }()); } } }); /*** initialize***/ <!-- --> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('.thumb_wrapper').on('click', function(ev) { var myid = jQuery(this).data('rowid'); myid = parseInt(myid); eval('player_' + myid + '.playVideo()'); ev.preventDefault(); }); }); if(typeof sliderID_array =="undefined") { var sliderID_array=[]; } var data_33 = []; var event_stack_33 = []; data_33["0"]=[];data_33["0"]["id"]="0";data_33["0"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-1.jpg";data_33["0"]["description"]="";data_33["0"]["alt"]="";data_33["1"]=[];data_33["1"]["id"]="1";data_33["1"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-2.jpg";data_33["1"]["description"]="";data_33["1"]["alt"]="";data_33["2"]=[];data_33["2"]["id"]="2";data_33["2"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-3.jpg";data_33["2"]["description"]="";data_33["2"]["alt"]="";data_33["3"]=[];data_33["3"]["id"]="3";data_33["3"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-4.jpg";data_33["3"]["description"]="";data_33["3"]["alt"]="";data_33["4"]=[];data_33["4"]["id"]="4";data_33["4"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-5.jpg";data_33["4"]["description"]="";data_33["4"]["alt"]="";data_33["5"]=[];data_33["5"]["id"]="5";data_33["5"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-6.jpg";data_33["5"]["description"]="";data_33["5"]["alt"]="";data_33["6"]=[];data_33["6"]["id"]="6";data_33["6"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-7.jpg";data_33["6"]["description"]="";data_33["6"]["alt"]="";data_33["7"]=[];data_33["7"]["id"]="7";data_33["7"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/art_spatola-copertina.jpg";data_33["7"]["description"]="";data_33["7"]["alt"]=""; var huge_it_trans_in_progress_33 = false; var huge_it_transition_duration_33 = 1000; var huge_interval = {}; var id_array_index = sliderID_array.length; sliderID_array[id_array_index] = // Stop autoplay. window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+33]); var huge_it_current_key_33 = ''; function huge_it_move_dots_33() { var image_left = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").position().left; var image_right = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").position().left + jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").outerWidth(true); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_33() { return huge_it_testDom_33('Transition'); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_33() { return huge_it_testDom_33('Perspective'); } function huge_it_testDom_33(prop) { // Browser vendor CSS prefixes. var browserVendors = ['', '-webkit-', '-moz-', '-ms-', '-o-', '-khtml-']; // Browser vendor DOM prefixes. var domPrefixes = ['', 'Webkit', 'Moz', 'ms', 'O', 'Khtml']; var i = domPrefixes.length; while (i--) { if (typeof document.body.style[domPrefixes[i] + prop] !== 'undefined') { return true; } } return false; } function huge_it_cube_33(tz, ntx, nty, nrx, nry, wrx, wry, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support 3d transforms/CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_33()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); return huge_it_fallback_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_33()) { return huge_it_fallback3d_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery(current_image_class).css({'z-index': 'none'}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'z-index' : 2}); huge_it_trans_in_progress_33 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_33").css('perspective', 1000); jQuery(current_image_class).css({ transform : 'translateZ(' + tz + 'px)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_33,.huge_it_slide_bg_33,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_33,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_33 ").css('overflow', 'visible'); jQuery(next_image_class).css({ opacity : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden', transform : 'translateY(' + nty + 'px) translateX(' + ntx + 'px) rotateY('+ nry +'deg) rotateX('+ nrx +'deg)' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_33").css({ transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px)', transformStyle: 'preserve-3d' }); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { jQuery(".huge_it_slider_33").css({ transition: 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_33 + 'ms ease-in-out', transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px) rotateX('+ wrx +'deg) rotateY('+ wry +'deg)' }); }, 20); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_33").one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_33,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_33,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_33 ").css('overflow', 'hidden'); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_33").removeAttr('style'); jQuery(current_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(next_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_33").removeAttr('style'); // alert(current_image_class+' '+next_image_class); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=0)', 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', 'z-index' : 2}); // huge_it_change_watermark_container_33(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_33 = false; if (typeof event_stack_33 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_33.length > 0) { key = event_stack_33[0].split("-"); event_stack_33.shift(); huge_it_change_image_33(key[0], key[1], data_33, true,false); } } } function huge_it_cubeH_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image width.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).width() / 2; if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_33(dimension, dimension, 0, 0, 90, 0, -90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_33(dimension, -dimension, 0, 0, -90, 0, 90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } function huge_it_cubeV_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image height.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).height() / 2; /* If next slide.*/ if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_33(dimension, 0, -dimension, 90, 0, -90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_33(dimension, 0, dimension, -90, 0, 90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } /* For browsers that does not support transitions.*/ function huge_it_fallback_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_fade_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } /* For browsers that support transitions, but not 3d transforms (only used if primary transition makes use of 3d-transforms).*/ function huge_it_fallback3d_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_sliceV_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_none_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); } function huge_it_fade_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_33()) { jQuery(next_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_33 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_33 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); } else { jQuery(current_image_class).animate({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index' : 1}, huge_it_transition_duration_33); jQuery(next_image_class).animate({ 'opacity' : 1, 'z-index': 2 }, { duration: huge_it_transition_duration_33, complete: function () {return false;} }); // For IE. jQuery(current_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_33, 0); jQuery(next_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_33, 1); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); } function huge_it_grid_33(cols, rows, ro, tx, ty, sc, op, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_33()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); return huge_it_fallback_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } huge_it_trans_in_progress_33 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_33 + "_33").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_33").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33"); /* The time (in ms) added to/subtracted from the delay total for each new gridlet.*/ var count = (huge_it_transition_duration_33) / (cols + rows); /* Gridlet creator (divisions of the image grid, positioned with background-images to replicate the look of an entire slide image when assembled)*/ function huge_it_gridlet(width, height, top, img_top, left, img_left, src, imgWidth, imgHeight, c, r) { var delay = (c + r) * count; /* Return a gridlet elem with styles for specific transition.*/ return jQuery('
').css({ width : width, height : height, top : top, left : left, backgroundImage : 'url("' + src + '")', backgroundColor: jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_33").css("background-color"), /*backgroundColor: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0),*/ backgroundRepeat: 'no-repeat', backgroundPosition : img_left + 'px ' + img_top + 'px', backgroundSize : imgWidth + 'px ' + imgHeight + 'px', transition : 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_33 + 'ms ease-in-out ' + delay + 'ms', transform : 'none' }); } /* Get the current slide's image.*/ var cur_img = jQuery(current_image_class).find('img'); /* Create a grid to hold the gridlets.*/ var grid = jQuery('
').addClass('huge_it_grid_33'); /* Prepend the grid to the next slide (i.e. so it's above the slide image).*/ jQuery(current_image_class).prepend(grid); /* vars to calculate positioning/size of gridlets*/ var cont = jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_33"); var imgWidth = cur_img.width(); var imgHeight = cur_img.height(); var contWidth = cont.width(), contHeight = cont.height(), imgSrc = cur_img.attr('src'),/*.replace('/thumb', ''),*/ colWidth = Math.floor(contWidth / cols), rowHeight = Math.floor(contHeight / rows), colRemainder = contWidth - (cols * colWidth), colAdd = Math.ceil(colRemainder / cols), rowRemainder = contHeight - (rows * rowHeight), rowAdd = Math.ceil(rowRemainder / rows), leftDist = 0, img_leftDist = (jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_33").width() - cur_img.width()) / 2; /* tx/ty args can be passed as 'auto'/'min-auto' (meaning use slide width/height or negative slide width/height).*/ tx = tx === 'auto' ? contWidth : tx; tx = tx === 'min-auto' ? - contWidth : tx; ty = ty === 'auto' ? contHeight : ty; ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty; /* Loop through cols*/ for (var i = 0; i 0) { var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder; newColWidth += add; colRemainder -= add; } /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/ for (var j = 0; j 0) { add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder; newRowHeight += add; newRowRemainder -= add; } /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/ grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j)); topDist += newRowHeight; img_topDst -= newRowHeight; } img_leftDist -= newColWidth; leftDist += newColWidth; } /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/ var last_gridlet = grid.children().last(); /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/ grid.show(); cur_img.css('opacity', 0); /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/ grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left'); grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right'); grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left'); grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right'); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { grid.children().css({ opacity: op, transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')' }); }, 1); jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); cur_img.css('opacity', 1); grid.remove(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_33 = false; if (typeof event_stack_33 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_33.length > 0) { key = event_stack_33[0].split("-"); event_stack_33.shift(); huge_it_change_image_33(key[0], key[1], data_33, true,false); } } } function huge_it_sliceH_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_33(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_sliceV_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_33(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideV_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } huge_it_grid_33(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideH_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_33(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleOut_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleIn_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blockScale_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_kaleidoscope_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_fan_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var rotate = 45; var translateX = 100; } else if (direction == 'left') { var rotate = -45; var translateX = -100; } huge_it_grid_33(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blindV_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_33(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_33(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_33"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_33() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_33(current_key, key, data_33, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_33[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_33").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_33").attr("data-image_key"); 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È la Basilica di Santa Caterina d’Alessandria di cui oggi Myrrha riscrive2 perché, come ha detto Padre Putignani,

, “questo grande amore per la più bella chiesa del mezzogiorno d’Italia mi ha spinto a parlare di essa, a scrivere le sue glorie, a violare il silenzio geloso dei secoli. Perché mai? Perché altri la possano conoscere bene e meglio, e conoscendola amarla, e amandola custodirla e vegliare perché non si sfrondi la sua gloria, non si deturpi la sua bellezza”.

Quando Maria d’Enghien decise, nei primi decenni del Quattrocento, di (ri)affrescare gli interni della Basilica, certamente non poté ignorare gli esiti della rivoluzione di Giotto di Bondone, quella rivoluzione deflagrante, una sorta di big bang che generò la nascita dell’arte moderna in Occidente e che travalicò ben presto le Alpi. 
Altrettanto sicura è però anche la presenza di maestranze artistiche borgognone e fiamminghe: come alcuni studiosi sostengono, infatti, è plausibile che, al seguito dello spostamento dei popoli che in precedenza dal Nord si erano riversati verso il Sud dell’Italia, vi fossero artigiani ed artisti caratterizzati dal gusto dei Paesi di provenienza.
Si può dire, dunque, che Galatina abbia giocato, sebbene su scala limitata dal punto di vista regionale, un ruolo assai simile a quello assunto dalle scuole pittoriche di Assisi. Non per questo, però, si può escludere una sorprendente osmosi culturale europea in atto, sul finire del ‘300, nel Tacco d’Italia.
Ecco spiegato perché

la Basilica di Santa Caterina d’Alessandria a Galatina costituisca un unicum nel panorama artistico meridionale: è una sintesi di culture (massimamente di quella italiana e francese), un linguaggio totalmente innovativo e sperimentale, un guanto di sfida al passato e uno sguardo su un futuro da scoprire.

simbolo1

1 In P.Adiuto Putignani, Il Tempio di Santa Caterina in Galatina, Introduzione
2 Tantissimi i contributi scientifici sulla storia, l’architettura ed il ciclo pittorico all’interno della Basilica nonché sul contesto storico-socio-politico in cui fu eretta. 
3 Il nome di una via è venuto in soccorso degli storici tanto quanto i documenti scritti in senso stretto: l’onomastica stradale ha permesso a città troppo protese verso il futuro di non dimenticare il proprio glorioso passato.
4 La parola “Balzo” è l’italianizzazione del nome di un feudo provenzale: Baux.
5 Maria emanò una serie di bandi e capitoli che ancora oggi destano interesse. Era convinta che “in tutte le città bone se vuole vivere con ordine et boni statuti in tutte cause” (cfr. Can. Pietro Serio, Attraverso dieci secoli di storia patria, p. 86).

SANTA CATERINA D’ALESSANDRIA A GALATINA

 

Gianluca-Anglana(2)

Più si approfondisce la storia di questo splendido esempio di commistione di stili (romanico e gotico), più se ne è rapiti. Innanzitutto perché, essa stessa,

è la rappresentazione dell’unione di tre terre affacciate nel mediterraneo: la Terra Santa, la nostra Italia e la Francia.
Cosa esattamente accomuni le tre terre lo si scopre approfondendo: un mito, una terra e una donna straordinaria.

Se esistesse una psicologia del profondo applicata alle masse, essa probabilmente spiegherebbe le ragioni dell’appeal che, da qualche anno a questa parte, il Salento esercita nei confronti di un numero sempre crescente di visitatori provenienti dalla Francia e da altre aree di lingua francese del Vecchio Continente. È capitato a qualunque salentino di incrociare, soprattutto in primavera o in estate, gruppi di visitatori d’Oltralpe o di imbattersi sui social network in articoli di encomio della Terra d’Otranto, scritti nella lingua di Stendhal. 
Non sappiamo se, così come gli individui, anche i popoli dispongano di una sorta di io profondo, una qualche memoria a lungo termine che affonda le proprie radici in un’infanzia ormai lontana o scomparsa. Sta di fatto però che, a cavallo tra il XIII e il XIV secolo, le province più meridionali di Puglia furono occupate da genti provenienti dal nascente Regno di Francia o dalla Vallonia: di questa invasione si trovano tuttora numerose tracce, a partire dalla toponomastica salentina3.
Nel Comune di Lecce, ad esempio, non è infrequente accorgersi di una o più vie intestate a personaggi illustri di chiara origine francese: si pensi, ad esempio, a Via Orsini del Balzo4 oppure a Via Maria d’Enghien, strada cittadina dedicata ad una sorta di “Wonder Woman ante litteram”.
Per un soffio Maria mancò l’obiettivo di conquistare la corona del ricchissimo Regno di Napoli, un reame ormai saldamente in mani francesi, ponte di collegamento tra lo Stivale e i territori dell’Anjou o della Borgogna: lei, abile amministratrice5 dotata di un notevole fiuto politico, perse il duello che la vide opporsi a Giovanna d’Angiò per la scalata al potere partenopeo.
Ed è proprio Maria il comune denominatore delle tre terre del Mediterraneo.
Enghien è il nome di una cittadina del Belgio (o, per essere più precisi, di quella Vallonia che potremmo definire le Fiandre di idioma francese). In realtà, Maria poté fregiarsi di origini più luminose di una cittadina vallone: era nipote di Isabella di Brienne nonché figlia di Giovanni d’Enghien, conte di Lecce, e di Sancia (Bianca) del Balzo.

Maria, come di consueto per quei tempi, fu data in moglie a Raimondello Orsini del Balzo – tipo tosto ed estremamente spregiudicato – dietro consiglio di Luigi I d’Angiò.
Raimondello aveva anche fama di essere un tipo alquanto macabro. Ed è qui che la leggenda unisce la Puglia alla Terra Santa:

pare che, nel corso di un pellegrinaggio alla salma di Santa Caterina d’Alessandria sul Monte Sinai, Raimondello strappò con un morso un dito della reliquia che venne, dunque, portato in Puglia. In omaggio alla tradizione delle Cattedrali gotiche, soprattutto francesi, Raimondello si risolse a dedicare alla Santa quella Basilica che avrebbe dovuto ospitarne la falange e che, a ragione, può essere considerata la Cappella degli Scrovegni del Mezzogiorno italiano.
La Basilica (eretta tra il 1369 e il 1391), austera all’esterno, quasi una fortezza, colpisce, all’interno, per il mirabile ciclo di affreschi: questi ultimi non sono soltanto opere pittoriche di eccezionale fattura, ma una testimonianza rarissima di un inedito intreccio di culture. Sì, perché il Salento era stato, anche dal punto di vista artistico, saldamente in pugno dei Bizantini, cioè di quella élite greca che era presente da secoli in Apulia e che era arroccata su un modo di intendere l’arte ormai in fase di definitivo superamento.
La Puglia meridionale è, soprattutto, ricca di preziosissimi monumenti di radice orientale: si pensi ad esempio, alle chiese di impronta basilica in terra di Brindisi o a taluni edifici di memoria greca sparsi sul territorio della provincia leccese. Questo passato, glorioso e ingombrante, è stato raramente scalfito nella sua granitica esistenza.

Santa Caterina d’Alessandria a Galatina segna, dunque, un improvviso cambio di passo, perché importa in Terra d’Otranto un linguaggio artistico inedito, una summa di stili interpretativi che attingono ispirazione alla cultura francese e fiamminga oltre che alla ormai inarrestabile lezione di Giotto.