LA TRADIZIONE DEL PRESEPE A NAPOLI di Sergio Attanasio – Numero 6 – Ottobre 2016

art_attanasio-copertina
cat-cultura
cat-arte
cat-sud
Sergio-Attanasio

LA TRADIZIONE DEL PRESEPE A NAPOLI

 

A-Napoli-Scritta

basti pensare che nella commedia “Natale in Casa Cupiello”, opera del drammaturgo Eduardo un vero tormentone è legato alla frase Te piace ‘o presepe?

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} nextVideo&&HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+nextVideo]['autoplay']&&(window['player_'+nextVideo]['playVideo']()); } function stopVimeoVideo(currentVideo,nextVideo){ jQuery(currentVideo).vimeo('pause'); jQuery(nextVideo).vimeo('play'); } /*** initialize And youtube autopay ***/ jQuery( window ).load(function() { (function VimeoOptionsReady(){ //calling funtion once jQuery('.huge-it-iframe-vimeo').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); jQuery(this).vimeo('setColor',HUGEIT_VIMEOS['iframe'+el_id]['color']); jQuery(this).vimeo('setVolume',HUGEIT_VIMEOS['iframe'+el_id]['volume']); }) }()); if('off' == 'on') { if(jQuery('.huge-it-iframe-vimeo.autoplay').length) { (function AutoplayVimeo() { var setplayVideo = setInterval(hugeitframe, 100); function hugeitframe() { var vimeo1 = jQuery('.huge_it_slider_40 li').first().find('.autoplay') if(vimeo1.length) { vimeo1.vimeo('play'); clearInterval(setplayVideo); } } }()); } if(jQuery('.huge-it-iframe.autoplay').length) { (function AutoplayYoutube() { var setplayVideo = setInterval(hugeitframe, 100); function hugeitframe() { jQuery('.huge-it-iframe.autoplay').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); if(window['player_'+el_id]) { window['player_'+el_id]['playVideo'](); clearInterval(setplayVideo); } }); } }()); } } }); /*** initialize***/ <!-- --> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('.thumb_wrapper').on('click', function(ev) { var myid = jQuery(this).data('rowid'); myid = parseInt(myid); eval('player_' + myid + '.playVideo()'); ev.preventDefault(); }); }); if(typeof sliderID_array =="undefined") { var sliderID_array=[]; } var data_40 = []; var event_stack_40 = []; data_40["0"]=[];data_40["0"]["id"]="0";data_40["0"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/attanasio_1.jpg";data_40["0"]["description"]="";data_40["0"]["alt"]="";data_40["1"]=[];data_40["1"]["id"]="1";data_40["1"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/attanasio_2.jpg";data_40["1"]["description"]="";data_40["1"]["alt"]="";data_40["2"]=[];data_40["2"]["id"]="2";data_40["2"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/attanasio_4.jpg";data_40["2"]["description"]="";data_40["2"]["alt"]="";data_40["3"]=[];data_40["3"]["id"]="3";data_40["3"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/attanasio_5.jpg";data_40["3"]["description"]="";data_40["3"]["alt"]="";data_40["4"]=[];data_40["4"]["id"]="4";data_40["4"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/attanasio_6.jpg";data_40["4"]["description"]="";data_40["4"]["alt"]=""; var huge_it_trans_in_progress_40 = false; var huge_it_transition_duration_40 = 1000; var huge_interval = {}; var id_array_index = sliderID_array.length; sliderID_array[id_array_index] = // Stop autoplay. window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+40]); var huge_it_current_key_40 = ''; function huge_it_move_dots_40() { var image_left = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").position().left; var image_right = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").position().left + jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").outerWidth(true); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_40() { return huge_it_testDom_40('Transition'); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_40() { return huge_it_testDom_40('Perspective'); } function huge_it_testDom_40(prop) { // Browser vendor CSS prefixes. var browserVendors = ['', '-webkit-', '-moz-', '-ms-', '-o-', '-khtml-']; // Browser vendor DOM prefixes. var domPrefixes = ['', 'Webkit', 'Moz', 'ms', 'O', 'Khtml']; var i = domPrefixes.length; while (i--) { if (typeof document.body.style[domPrefixes[i] + prop] !== 'undefined') { return true; } } return false; } function huge_it_cube_40(tz, ntx, nty, nrx, nry, wrx, wry, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support 3d transforms/CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_40()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); return huge_it_fallback_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_40()) { return huge_it_fallback3d_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery(current_image_class).css({'z-index': 'none'}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'z-index' : 2}); huge_it_trans_in_progress_40 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_40").css('perspective', 1000); jQuery(current_image_class).css({ transform : 'translateZ(' + tz + 'px)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_40,.huge_it_slide_bg_40,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_40,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_40 ").css('overflow', 'visible'); jQuery(next_image_class).css({ opacity : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden', transform : 'translateY(' + nty + 'px) translateX(' + ntx + 'px) rotateY('+ nry +'deg) rotateX('+ nrx +'deg)' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_40").css({ transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px)', transformStyle: 'preserve-3d' }); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { jQuery(".huge_it_slider_40").css({ transition: 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_40 + 'ms ease-in-out', transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px) rotateX('+ wrx +'deg) rotateY('+ wry +'deg)' }); }, 20); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_40").one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_40,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_40,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_40 ").css('overflow', 'hidden'); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_40").removeAttr('style'); jQuery(current_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(next_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_40").removeAttr('style'); // alert(current_image_class+' '+next_image_class); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=0)', 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', 'z-index' : 2}); // huge_it_change_watermark_container_40(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_40 = false; if (typeof event_stack_40 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_40.length > 0) { key = event_stack_40[0].split("-"); event_stack_40.shift(); huge_it_change_image_40(key[0], key[1], data_40, true,false); } } } function huge_it_cubeH_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image width.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).width() / 2; if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_40(dimension, dimension, 0, 0, 90, 0, -90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_40(dimension, -dimension, 0, 0, -90, 0, 90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } function huge_it_cubeV_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image height.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).height() / 2; /* If next slide.*/ if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_40(dimension, 0, -dimension, 90, 0, -90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_40(dimension, 0, dimension, -90, 0, 90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } /* For browsers that does not support transitions.*/ function huge_it_fallback_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_fade_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } /* For browsers that support transitions, but not 3d transforms (only used if primary transition makes use of 3d-transforms).*/ function huge_it_fallback3d_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_sliceV_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_none_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); } function huge_it_fade_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_40()) { jQuery(next_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_40 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_40 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); } else { jQuery(current_image_class).animate({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index' : 1}, huge_it_transition_duration_40); jQuery(next_image_class).animate({ 'opacity' : 1, 'z-index': 2 }, { duration: huge_it_transition_duration_40, complete: function () {return false;} }); // For IE. jQuery(current_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_40, 0); jQuery(next_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_40, 1); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); } function huge_it_grid_40(cols, rows, ro, tx, ty, sc, op, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_40()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); return huge_it_fallback_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } huge_it_trans_in_progress_40 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_40 + "_40").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_40").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40"); /* The time (in ms) added to/subtracted from the delay total for each new gridlet.*/ var count = (huge_it_transition_duration_40) / (cols + rows); /* Gridlet creator (divisions of the image grid, positioned with background-images to replicate the look of an entire slide image when assembled)*/ function huge_it_gridlet(width, height, top, img_top, left, img_left, src, imgWidth, imgHeight, c, r) { var delay = (c + r) * count; /* Return a gridlet elem with styles for specific transition.*/ return jQuery('
').css({ width : width, height : height, top : top, left : left, backgroundImage : 'url("' + src + '")', backgroundColor: jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_40").css("background-color"), /*backgroundColor: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0),*/ backgroundRepeat: 'no-repeat', backgroundPosition : img_left + 'px ' + img_top + 'px', backgroundSize : imgWidth + 'px ' + imgHeight + 'px', transition : 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_40 + 'ms ease-in-out ' + delay + 'ms', transform : 'none' }); } /* Get the current slide's image.*/ var cur_img = jQuery(current_image_class).find('img'); /* Create a grid to hold the gridlets.*/ var grid = jQuery('
').addClass('huge_it_grid_40'); /* Prepend the grid to the next slide (i.e. so it's above the slide image).*/ jQuery(current_image_class).prepend(grid); /* vars to calculate positioning/size of gridlets*/ var cont = jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_40"); var imgWidth = cur_img.width(); var imgHeight = cur_img.height(); var contWidth = cont.width(), contHeight = cont.height(), imgSrc = cur_img.attr('src'),/*.replace('/thumb', ''),*/ colWidth = Math.floor(contWidth / cols), rowHeight = Math.floor(contHeight / rows), colRemainder = contWidth - (cols * colWidth), colAdd = Math.ceil(colRemainder / cols), rowRemainder = contHeight - (rows * rowHeight), rowAdd = Math.ceil(rowRemainder / rows), leftDist = 0, img_leftDist = (jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_40").width() - cur_img.width()) / 2; /* tx/ty args can be passed as 'auto'/'min-auto' (meaning use slide width/height or negative slide width/height).*/ tx = tx === 'auto' ? contWidth : tx; tx = tx === 'min-auto' ? - contWidth : tx; ty = ty === 'auto' ? contHeight : ty; ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty; /* Loop through cols*/ for (var i = 0; i 0) { var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder; newColWidth += add; colRemainder -= add; } /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/ for (var j = 0; j 0) { add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder; newRowHeight += add; newRowRemainder -= add; } /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/ grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j)); topDist += newRowHeight; img_topDst -= newRowHeight; } img_leftDist -= newColWidth; leftDist += newColWidth; } /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/ var last_gridlet = grid.children().last(); /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/ grid.show(); cur_img.css('opacity', 0); /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/ grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left'); grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right'); grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left'); grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right'); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { grid.children().css({ opacity: op, transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')' }); }, 1); jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); cur_img.css('opacity', 1); grid.remove(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_40 = false; if (typeof event_stack_40 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_40.length > 0) { key = event_stack_40[0].split("-"); event_stack_40.shift(); huge_it_change_image_40(key[0], key[1], data_40, true,false); } } } function huge_it_sliceH_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_40(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_sliceV_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_40(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideV_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } huge_it_grid_40(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideH_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_40(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleOut_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleIn_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blockScale_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_kaleidoscope_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_fan_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var rotate = 45; var translateX = 100; } else if (direction == 'left') { var rotate = -45; var translateX = -100; } huge_it_grid_40(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blindV_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_40(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_40"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_40() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_40(current_key, key, data_40, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_40[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_40").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_40").attr("data-image_key"); } if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_40) { event_stack_40.push(current_key + '-' + key); return; } var direction = 'right'; if (huge_it_current_key_40 > key) { direction = 'left'; } else if (huge_it_current_key_40 == key) { return false; } // Set active thumbnail position. huge_it_current_key_40 = key; jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_40").attr('data-image_id', data_40[key]["id"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_40").html(data_40[key]["alt"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_40").html(data_40[key]["description"]); var current_image_class = "#image_id_40_" + data_40[current_key]["id"]; var next_image_class = "#image_id_40_" + data_40[key]["id"]; if (jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_40').length > 0) { var streffect = 'fade'; if (streffect == "cubeV" || streffect == "cubeH" || streffect == "none" || streffect == "fade") { huge_it_fade_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else { huge_it_fade_40(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); 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Le origini del presepe a Napoli risalgono al Quattrocento e si diffondono per tutto il XVI secolo.

Ne esistono testimonianze nelle chiese della città. Narra il Napoli-Signorelli che “Antonio Baboccio, nel XV secolo, nel sepolcro di marmo bianco che fece nella cappella de’ Minutoli del Duomo di Napoli, per l’arcivescovo di questa famiglia, pose un bassorilievo eccellente che nel bel mezzo rappresenta un presepe”.E ancora: “Nella chiesa di Monteoliveto, come si vede ancor oggi, vi è nella cappelladei duchi Piccolomini d’Amalfi una tavola di marmo colla nascita del Signore che stimasi opera del riputato scoltore Donatello … Un antico presepe pur si vede nella cappella antica de’ Carafa di Ruvo in S. Domenico Maggiore e parimenti una rappresentazione del tugurio ove nacque Gesù con figure di legno che voglionsi scolpite da Giovanni Merliano, si trova nella icona del maggiore altare della chiesa di S. Giuseppe dei falegnami edificata nel XVI secolo; infine che Pietro la Plata eccellente scoltore spagnuolo fece un bassorilievo colla Vergine Madre che sostiene nelle braccia il Bambino e con i tre re magi che l’adorano nella chiesa di S. Giovanni a Carbonara nella cappella de’ marchesi di Vico”.

Nel secolo XVII furono noti presepisti i Perrone:

Michele, nato nel 1633 scultore in legno menzionato anche dal de Dominici, “… fece bensì buoni pastori da presepio, alli quali era da un particolare genio inclinato”; Aniello, “scultore anche migliore” e Donato, di cui le fonti non parlano ma che fu, con Michele, l’autore del presepe del Viceré conte di Castrillo, il quale commissionò ai due fratelli il suo presepe nel 1658, il più ricco finora tramandatoci, di 112 elementi, inviato in Spagna.

Nel secolo successivo il presepe si diffuse nella dimore dei nobili napoletani e a preparare le scenografie furono impegnati noti architetti

“si sono segnalati in costruir presepi curiosi ottimamente architettati gl’ingegneri Muzio Nauclerio e Niccola Canale Tagliacozzi Emuli, i quali hanno regolati co’ loro disegni varii edificii in Napoli e la stessa regina di Napoli e poi delle Spagne visitò una o due volte il presepe del Nauclerio … Famosi erano i presepi dei Pignatelli, nel loro palazzo a Calata Trinità Maggiore, e ogni anno il duca di Diano, il duca di Monteleone, il principe di Ischitella, aprivano al popolo le porte dei loro palazzi dal centro storico a Chiaja perché ne ammirasse i presepi”.

Alla realizzazione dei pastori erano impegnati i maggiori scultori dell’epoca: “Domenico Antonio Vaccaro, i fratelli Matteo e Felice Bottiglieri, il Celebrano, il Sammartino autore della statua del famoso Cristo velato della Cappella Sansevero, ed i suoi allievi Giuseppe Gori ed il Viva”.

La loro abilità di modellatori si estrinsecava nella creazione dei vari personaggi del presepe: “spiegarono la loro espertezza nel formar vaghe teste di pastori di carattere e di età differenti, angeli bellissimi, figure divotissime di Maria e di San Giuseppe”. Così come altri scultori non meno noti: “scolpirono egregiamente gli animali, che accrescono la verità dell’imitazione campestre di valli di colline e di tugurii, Francesco di Nardo coi suoi discepoli, Nicola Vassallo che formava eccellentemente buoi, capre, pecore, e cavalli in piccolo, e Saverio Vassallo suo fratello che si distinse in formar cammelli, polli, cani, augelletti”.

 

Il periodo d’oro del presepe a Napoli, dunque, è il Settecento, durante il regno di Carlo III, il sovrano che volle la costruzione della reggia di Caserta,

del quale quest’anno si celebrano i trecento anni dalla nascita. Egli era tanto amato dai napoletani ed era un gran cultore dell’arte di costruire il Presepe, così come si trova nelle cronache dell’epoca: “Era cosa mirabile, e di edificazione grandissima, il vederlo a certe ore sfaccendate del giorno con le regie sue mani impastar de’ mattoncini, e cuocerli, disporre i soveri, formar la capanna, architettar le lontananze, situarvi i Pastori, etc., e tener tutto pronto per la sacratissima notte del Santo Natale, che sempre veniva Egli a celebrare in Napoli, quantunque si ritrovasse fuori, siccome accadde in un anno, che ritrovavasi alla caccia in Persano, donde volle di carriera venire in Napoli, per celebrare la notte della Natività del Signore”.

La stessa regina Maria Amalia aiutava il consorte in questo diletto: “Occupavasi ancora nel fare gli abiti, da vestirne i Pastori, che servir dovevano pel Presepe del Re suo Consorte, il quale n’era divotissimo; nel colorire altresì i marmi bianchi con quella mistura indelebile, che fu inventata dal fu Principe di S. Severo, Don Raimondo di Sangro; e nel formar quei vaghi arazzi di diversi colori, fatti di lane spolverizzate; per le quali occupazioni la Regina rendevasi l’esempio di tutti, e la consolazione dei Re, suo amato Consorte”.

La stessa passione fu trasmessa al suo erede e figlio: “Ferdinando IV, ben sappiamo, quanto sempre o nella Chiesa di Belvedere, o in quella di Caserta, con egual pompa, e divozione, ha celebrato, e celebra un sì divoto, e tenero mistero di nostra redenzione”.

 

 

Il presepe ammirato dai tanti viaggiatori del Grand Tour, è così descritto da J.W.Goethe, nel suo Viaggio in Italia del 1787

“Ecco il momento di accennare ad un altro svago che è caratteristico dei napoletani, il Presepe. Si costruisce un leggero palchetto a forma di capanna, tutto adorno di alberi e di alberelli sempre verdi; e lì ci si mette la Madonna, il Bambino Gesù e tutti i personaggi, compresi quelli che si librano in aria, sontuosamente vestiti per la festa. Ma ciò che conferisce a tutto lo spettacolo una nota di grazia incomparabile è lo sfondo, in cui s’incornicia il Vesuvio coi suoi dintorni”.

A testimoniare la qualità dei pastori settecenteschi i presepi che derivano dalle donazioni delle maggiori collezioni napoletane, esposti nei musei della città da San Martino a Capodimonte, dal palazzo Reale di Napoli a quello di Caserta. E per vedere quanto sia ancora viva nella città la memoria e la tradizione del presepe

 

 

 

non resta, per coloro che vogliono visitare Napoli, che recarsi nella via S. Gregorio Armeno

una miriade di artigiani, rifacendosi ai pastori settecenteschi, ripropongono tutti i personaggi del presepe. In questa strada unica al mondo, può oggi capitare di vedere, accanto ai pastori della tradizione, anche Papa Francesco, Obama o la Merkel, abilmente riprodotti. Una sorta di aggiornamento costante che dimostra che il presepe è ancora vivo ed attuale.