IL MAESTRO DEI MAESTRI EDOARDO SCARPETTA di Fernando Popoli – Numero 15 – Dicembre 2019

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IL MAESTRO DEI MAESTRI EDOARDO SCARPETTA

 

fernando_popoli

Da piccolo, preso da un infrenabile desiderio infantile prodomo del suo destino,

costruì un teatrino di legno dove si divertiva a far recitare dei pupi di stoffa 

con la sorellina Gilda, unica spettatrice.


All’età di nove anni il padre, funzionario statale, lo portò al celebre teatro San Carlino dove il grande Antonio Petito, famoso Pulcinella, recitava. La visione di quella maschera brutta, con rughe sulla fronte e sguardo inquietante gli rimase impressa e segnò la sua scelta, ammaliandolo completamente.  

 

All’età di quattordici anni fu scritturato dall’impresario Salvatore Mormone e debuttò al San Carlino nella commedia dialettale Cuntiente e guaje dove recitava in una piccola parte con poche battute. Quello fu l’inizio di una grande ascesa, il pubblico cominciò a notarlo, a seguirlo, ad apprezzare il suo talento dirompente e comunicativo, a punto tale che il grande

 

Antonio Petito, che pure in precedenza non l’aveva preso in considerazione, 

gli affidò la parte di Felice Sciosciammocca

 

(alla lettera: soffia in bocca), che faceva da spalla a Pulcinella, un personaggio divertente, ingenuo e svampito che è rimasto nel teatro napoletano per decenni.  

Petito scrisse alcune commedie su misura per lui Feliciello mariuolo de’ na pizza e Felice Sciosciammocca creduto guaglione ‘e n’anno” ottenendo un grande successo di pubblico che prese in simpatia definitivamente questo giovane attore. 

Scarpetta passò da una compagnia all’altra mietendo sempre unanimi consensi, quando c’era lui i teatri erano pieni.   


Intanto Petito era morto e il San Carlino versava in condizioni critiche, quasi disperate, fu allora che l’attore decise di rilevarlo; lo mise completamente a nuovo e iniziò lì una nuova stagione teatrale aggiornando il repertorio e modificando la sua recitazione ispirandosi ai vaudevilles francesi, rielaborandoli e reinventandoli sempre con il principio che il pubblico voleva ridere, ridere, ridere. 

In breve calcò i palcoscenici di tutti i teatri d’Italia consolidando la sua fama 

e arricchendosi; scrisse altre commedie, tra queste quella più famosa, 

tramandata ai suoi discendenti e a tanti altri attori napoletani: 

Miseria e Nobiltà.


La storia di un giovane nobile innamorato di una ragazza figlia di un cuoco arricchito, amore ostacolato per motivi di classe sociale dai genitori, dove Sosciammocca e un altro spiantato si fingono parenti nobili della ragazza per far superare l’ostacolo, con tutta una serie di situazioni comiche poiché ad un certo punto entrano in scena i veri nobili di quella casata.  

 

Miseria e Nobiltà ebbe un grande successo di pubblico e di critica insieme 

ad altre due commedie di Scarpetta: Nu turco napolitano e O miedeco d’e pazze.


Queste tre commedie furono in seguito portate sullo schermo dal grande Totòche fece di Sciosciammocca una memorabile interpretazione ancora oggi godibilissima da spettatori di tutte le età. Attore e commediografo consacrato, Scarpetta ebbe una vita sentimentale travagliata e

si unì a più donne dalle quali ebbe figli legittimi e figli illegittimi come i tre fratelli 

De Filippo che raccolsero da lui il talento e il fuoco sacro dell’arte teatrale

 

segnando in seguito una pietra miliare nella recitazione del teatro di tutti i tempi.
Nel 1889 ottenne un memorabile successo con Na santarella al TeatroSannazzaro di via Chiaia. Tutta Napoli, elegante e mondana, accorse al piccolo teatro, e con gli incassi della commedia l’attore si fece costruire una villa sulla collina del Vomero chiamata Villa la Santarella, dove sulla facciata principale fece scrivere la celebre frase «Qui rido io!», ancora oggi viva nella memoria dei napoletani.  

Ebbe anche una lite giudiziaria per i diritti di una commedia, La figlia di Iorio,con il Vate, Gabriele D’Annunzio, dalla quale però uscì vincitore ma anche amareggiato per l’insuccesso che ebbe la rappresentazione.

Nel 1909 si ritirò dalle scene, stanco e deluso, lasciò in eredità al figlio Vincenzo il personaggio di felice Sciosciammocca e scrisse un saggio sul commediografo Raffaele Viviani. 


Morì nel 1925 all’età di 72 anni e il suo funerale a Napoli fu imponente. Oggi riposa in pace nelle cappelle delle famiglie De Filippo, Scarpetta e Viviani al cimitero di Santa Maria del Pianto a Napoli.  

La sua arte è rimasta ed è spesso ripresa da altri attori napoletani, la sua dinastia si è estinta, dei suoi discendenti non è rimasto più nessuno ma il ricordo di lui è vivo nella memoria di tutti gli amanti del teatro. 

 

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} function huge_it_blindV_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_113(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_113(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_113"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_113() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_113(current_key, key, data_113, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_113[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_113").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_113").attr("data-image_key"); } if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_113) { event_stack_113.push(current_key + '-' + key); return; } var direction = 'right'; if (huge_it_current_key_113 > key) { direction = 'left'; } else if (huge_it_current_key_113 == key) { return false; } // Set active thumbnail position. huge_it_current_key_113 = key; jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_113").attr('data-image_id', data_113[key]["id"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_113").html(data_113[key]["alt"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_113").html(data_113[key]["description"]); var current_image_class = "#image_id_113_" + data_113[current_key]["id"]; var next_image_class = "#image_id_113_" + data_113[key]["id"]; if (jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_113').length > 0) { var streffect = 'fade'; if (streffect == "cubeV" || streffect == "cubeH" || streffect == "none" || streffect == "fade") { huge_it_fade_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else { huge_it_fade_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } else { huge_it_fade_113(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_113').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_113').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_113').addClass('none'); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_113').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_113').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_113').addClass('none'); } jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_113').addClass('none'); jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_113').addClass('none'); huge_it_move_dots_113(); /*** for vimeo and youtube stop pause play etc... ***/ var nextVideo = jQuery('#video_id_113_' + key).attr('data-element-id'); var currentVideo = jQuery('#video_id_113_' + current_key).attr('data-element-id'); /*** add ***/ (currentVideo || nextVideo) && stopYoutubeVideo(currentVideo, nextVideo); if ((jQuery('#player_113_' + current_key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo')) { jQuery('#player_113_' + current_key).vimeo('pause'); } if ((jQuery('#player_113_' + key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo') && ('off' == 'on')) { jQuery('#player_113_' + key).vimeo('play'); } /*** ***/ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_' +113]); play_113(); } } var staticthumbWidth; jQuery(window).load(function() { staticthumbWidth = jQuery('#huge_it_thumb_slider>li').width(); }); function huge_it_popup_resize_113() { var staticsliderwidth =850; var sliderwidth =850; var bodyWidth = jQuery(window).width(); var parentWidth = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_113").parent().width(); if (sliderwidth > parentWidth) { sliderwidth = parentWidth; } if (sliderwidth > bodyWidth) { sliderwidth = bodyWidth; } var str=600/(staticsliderwidth); var str2 =100/850; var sliderDynamicImageHeight = sliderwidth*str; var sliderDynamicThumbHeight = 0; jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_113').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight+sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_113').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_113 li').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery("#huge_it_loading_image_113").css({display: "none"}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_113").css({opacity: 1}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_113").removeClass("nocolor"); if ("resize"=="crop"){ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_ul li img").each(function(){ if(jQuery(this).prop('naturalWidth')>jQuery(this).prop('naturalHeight')) jQuery(this).css({'width':'100%','height':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); else{ jQuery(this).css({'height':'100%','width':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); } }); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_113").css({opacity:1}); } jQuery(window).load(function () { jQuery(window).resize(function() { huge_it_popup_resize_113(); }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_left_113').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_113(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()) - iterator_113()) >= 0 ? (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()) - iterator_113()) % data_113.length : data_113.length - 1, data_113,false,true); return false; }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_right_113').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_113(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()) + iterator_113()) % data_113.length, data_113,false,true); return false; }); huge_it_popup_resize_113(); /* Disable right click.*/ jQuery('div[id^="huge_it_container"]').bind("contextmenu", function () { return false; }); /*HOVER SLIDESHOW*/ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_113, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_113, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_113,#huge_it_slideshow_right_113,#huge_it_slideshow_left_113").hover(function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_113").css({'display':'inline'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_113").css({'display':'inline'}); },function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_113").css({'display':'none'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_113").css({'display':'none'}); }); if(pausehover=="on" && !/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_113, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_113").hover(function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+113]); scrolling = false; },function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+113]); scrolling = true; play_113(); }); } play_113(); }); function play_113(){ if(scrolling || /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+113] = setInterval(function () { var iterator = 1; huge_it_change_image_113(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_113').val()) + iterator) % data_113.length, data_113,false,false); }, '4000'); } } jQuery(window).focus(function() { var i_113 = 0; jQuery(".huge_it_slider_113").children("div").each(function () { if (jQuery(this).css('opacity') == 1) { jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_113").val(i_113); } i_113++; }); }); jQuery(window).blur(function() { console.log(event_stack_113); window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+113]); }); jQuery(window).focus(function() { play_113() });
jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery) { setInterval(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slider_113').find("li").each(function() { if (jQuery(this).css("opacity") == "1") { var img_id = jQuery(this).attr('id'); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_113').each(function() { var allListElements = jQuery('li[id=' + img_id + ']'); jQuery(this).find(allListElements).not(".bx-clone").each(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_113 li').find(".trans_back").css('background', 'rgba(255,255,255,0.3)'); jQuery(this).find('.trans_back').css('background', 'none'); }) }) } }) }, 100) })

il maestro dei maestri del teatro popolare napoletano, il capostipite di una grande famiglia di attori ormai del tutto estinta, padre di Eduardo, Titina e Peppino De Filippo, di Vincenzo Scarpetta, di Eduardo Scarpetta in arte Passarelli, di Pasquale De filippo, e nonno di Luca De Filippo e Mario Scarpetta. 

al_principio_edoardo_scarpetta
fine-t-blu

Correlato:

Fernando Popoli

EDUARDO, TITINA E PEPPINO