I PATRIARCHI ARBOREI DELLA CALABRIA di Stefania Conti – Numero 15 – Ottobre 2019

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I PATRIARCHI ARBOREI DELLA CALABRIA

 

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veri e propri monumenti vegetali che, oltre a valorizzare il paesaggio, conservano la memoria di eventi dei secoli passati.

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Sono i patriarchi arborei. Un’opera d’arte fatta non dall’uomo, ma dalla natura.

Patriarchi generosi, che ci aiutano a vivere nel senso più letterale del termine, nonostante la specie umana – e non da oggi – li maltratti e distrugga. 

L’Italia è nota per i suoi primati nella cultura, storia, arte, enogastronomia. Ma pochi sanno che ha anche quello di essere il paese con la massima biodiversità in Europa, senza dubbio uno dei più utili nei confronti dei cambiamenti climatici. Parte di questo merito è dovuto proprio a loro, i patriarchi arborei, i grandi capostipiti dei nostri boschi e delle nostre coltivazioni.

 

Pensate che un grande e antico albero con circa 700 metri quadri di chioma, 

può assorbire ogni ora circa 2 chili e mezzo di anidride carbonica 

e produrre 1,7 chili di ossigeno.

 

Inoltre, se un “patriarca” ha più di 200 anni, significa che per due secoli ha imprigionato anidride carbonica nel suo legno, senza favorire l’effetto serra.  

 

Questi monumenti vegetali sono diffusi in tutto lo Stivale. Esiste un gruppo di mecenati amanti della natura – l’Associazione Patriarchi della Natura in Italia – che con i loro soldi e il loro tempo hanno studiato da nord a sud tutti questi alberi e li hanno classificati. Dal loro imponente studio scopriamo che il Mezzogiorno ha un ricchissimo patrimonio arboreo.

Per esempio, in Calabria c’è un piccolo distretto di eccellenze. 

A Morano, provincia di Cosenza, nel parco del Pollino, esiste 

un Pino Loricato, tipico anche della confinante Basilicata. 

Ma questo è il più antico: ha più di 1500 anni.

 

Supera di 300 anni quello che era stato il simbolo stesso del Parco del Pollino (lo chiamavano “zio Peppe”), ucciso da un incendio doloso alcuni anni fa. Ah, la terribile mano dell’uomo! ma lui ha resistito, cresciuto sopra una roccia che ormai è inglobata nelle sue possenti radici e sta abbarbicato a quasi 2000 metri di altezza.  

 

Sempre in Calabria, e

sempre nella provincia di Cosenza, troviamo tre monumentali castagni di Grisolia, 

il più grande dei quali ha un tronco talmente ampio 

che lo colloca tra i primi d’Italia.

 

Gli abitanti locali lo chiamano “scilavrune”, che in dialetto significa ramarro per il verde dei muschi che vegetano sul suo tronco e che lo rendono bellissimo. Ancora a Cosenza, in località Curinga, c’è

 

il platano di Sant’Elia, chiamato così perché è nelle adiacenze 

dell’eremo di Sant’Elia Vecchio, di origine bizantina, 

eretto nel 1062.

 

Per cui l’albero potrebbe essere stato piantato dai monaci ed avere quindi quasi mille anni. Ha una elevata tolleranza all’inquinamento e una forte resistenza al calore e all’usura. Forse per questo si è salvato dalla distruzione umana.   

 

Chi invece ne ha sofferto, e parecchio, è la quercia di Brica, nel comune di Bova, in provincia di Reggio Calabria. La sua storia è un piccolo simbolo di come l’unità d’Italia non sia stata esattamente un grande affare per il Sud. La quercia Brica è della specie castagnata – chiamata così perché le sue ghiande sono commestibili e dolci e, cotte alla brace, hanno un vago sapore di caldarroste. Inoltre maturano intorno a dicembre, quando le ghiande delle querce normali non ci sono più e costituiscono un ottimo pasto sia per i maiali che per gli uomini.

Dalla contrada di Brica fino a castello di Amendolea c’era un ricchissimo bosco, probabilmente piantato dagli antichi romani


Era zona demaniale ed è stata quasi completamente devastata dai piemontesi. Avevano deciso di costruire una ferrovia sulla costa ionica della Calabria e il suo legno era perfetto per le traversine dei binari. I contadini si ribellarono e fu deciso di fare un referendum per stabilire se tagliare o meno questo bosco. Vinse alla grande il NO ma i piemontesi se ne infischiarono e tagliarono lo stesso tantissime querce, lasciando il territorio brullo e degradato ed esposto a frane. Questa di Bova è una delle poche rimaste, silente testimone di tanto scempio. 

 

 

 

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} function huge_it_blindV_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_106(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_106(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_106"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_106() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_106(current_key, key, data_106, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_106[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_106").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_106").attr("data-image_key"); } if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_106) { event_stack_106.push(current_key + '-' + key); return; } var direction = 'right'; if (huge_it_current_key_106 > key) { direction = 'left'; } else if (huge_it_current_key_106 == key) { return false; } // Set active thumbnail position. huge_it_current_key_106 = key; jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_106").attr('data-image_id', data_106[key]["id"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_106").html(data_106[key]["alt"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_106").html(data_106[key]["description"]); var current_image_class = "#image_id_106_" + data_106[current_key]["id"]; var next_image_class = "#image_id_106_" + data_106[key]["id"]; if (jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_106').length > 0) { var streffect = 'fade'; if (streffect == "cubeV" || streffect == "cubeH" || streffect == "none" || streffect == "fade") { huge_it_fade_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else { huge_it_fade_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } else { huge_it_fade_106(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_106').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_106').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_106').addClass('none'); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_106').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_106').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_106').addClass('none'); } jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_106').addClass('none'); jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_106').addClass('none'); huge_it_move_dots_106(); /*** for vimeo and youtube stop pause play etc... ***/ var nextVideo = jQuery('#video_id_106_' + key).attr('data-element-id'); var currentVideo = jQuery('#video_id_106_' + current_key).attr('data-element-id'); /*** add ***/ (currentVideo || nextVideo) && stopYoutubeVideo(currentVideo, nextVideo); if ((jQuery('#player_106_' + current_key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo')) { jQuery('#player_106_' + current_key).vimeo('pause'); } if ((jQuery('#player_106_' + key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo') && ('off' == 'on')) { jQuery('#player_106_' + key).vimeo('play'); } /*** ***/ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_' +106]); play_106(); } } var staticthumbWidth; jQuery(window).load(function() { staticthumbWidth = jQuery('#huge_it_thumb_slider>li').width(); }); function huge_it_popup_resize_106() { var staticsliderwidth =850; var sliderwidth =850; var bodyWidth = jQuery(window).width(); var parentWidth = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_106").parent().width(); if (sliderwidth > parentWidth) { sliderwidth = parentWidth; } if (sliderwidth > bodyWidth) { sliderwidth = bodyWidth; } var str=565/(staticsliderwidth); var str2 =100/850; var sliderDynamicImageHeight = sliderwidth*str; var sliderDynamicThumbHeight = 0; jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_106').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight+sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_106').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_106 li').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery("#huge_it_loading_image_106").css({display: "none"}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_106").css({opacity: 1}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_106").removeClass("nocolor"); if ("resize"=="crop"){ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_ul li img").each(function(){ if(jQuery(this).prop('naturalWidth')>jQuery(this).prop('naturalHeight')) jQuery(this).css({'width':'100%','height':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); else{ jQuery(this).css({'height':'100%','width':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); } }); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_106").css({opacity:1}); } jQuery(window).load(function () { jQuery(window).resize(function() { huge_it_popup_resize_106(); }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_left_106').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_106(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()) - iterator_106()) >= 0 ? (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()) - iterator_106()) % data_106.length : data_106.length - 1, data_106,false,true); return false; }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_right_106').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_106(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()) + iterator_106()) % data_106.length, data_106,false,true); return false; }); huge_it_popup_resize_106(); /* Disable right click.*/ jQuery('div[id^="huge_it_container"]').bind("contextmenu", function () { return false; }); /*HOVER SLIDESHOW*/ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_106, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_106, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_106,#huge_it_slideshow_right_106,#huge_it_slideshow_left_106").hover(function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_106").css({'display':'inline'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_106").css({'display':'inline'}); },function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_106").css({'display':'none'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_106").css({'display':'none'}); }); if(pausehover=="on" && !/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_106, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_106").hover(function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+106]); scrolling = false; },function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+106]); scrolling = true; play_106(); }); } play_106(); }); function play_106(){ if(scrolling || /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+106] = setInterval(function () { var iterator = 1; huge_it_change_image_106(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_106').val()) + iterator) % data_106.length, data_106,false,false); }, '4000'); } } jQuery(window).focus(function() { var i_106 = 0; jQuery(".huge_it_slider_106").children("div").each(function () { if (jQuery(this).css('opacity') == 1) { jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_106").val(i_106); } i_106++; }); }); jQuery(window).blur(function() { console.log(event_stack_106); window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+106]); }); jQuery(window).focus(function() { play_106() });
jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery) { setInterval(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slider_106').find("li").each(function() { if (jQuery(this).css("opacity") == "1") { var img_id = jQuery(this).attr('id'); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_106').each(function() { var allListElements = jQuery('li[id=' + img_id + ']'); jQuery(this).find(allListElements).not(".bx-clone").each(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_106 li').find(".trans_back").css('background', 'rgba(255,255,255,0.3)'); jQuery(this).find('.trans_back').css('background', 'none'); }) }) } }) }, 100) })

 Foto di Francesco Bevilacqua, per gentile concessione

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