ARCHITETTURE DEL SALENTO: LE TORRI DI DIFESA di Giusto Puri Purini – Numero 7 – Aprile 2017

cat-arte
cat-storia
Giusto-Puro-Purini-storia
var pausehover="on"; var huge_video_playing={}; var autoplayMatch={}; var scrolling; var ifhasthumb ="nonav"; scrolling = pausehover != 'on'; jQuery(window).load(function(){ if(!/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) setTimeout(function(){ jQuery('.huge_it_slide_container_48').mouseleave(); }, 10); }); var YTdeferred = jQuery.Deferred(); window.onYouTubeIframeAPIReady = function() { //resolve when youtube callback is called passing YT as a parameter YTdeferred.resolve(window.YT); }; YTdeferred.done(function(YT) { jQuery('.huge-it-iframe').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); var volume = HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['volume']; window['onPlayerReady'+el_id] = function(event) { window['player_'+el_id]['setVolume'](volume); } }); jQuery('.huge-it-iframe').each(function(){ var id = jQuery(this).attr('id'); var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); var controls = HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['controls']; var showinfo = HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['showinfo']; var url = HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['videoId']; controls||(controls = 0); showinfo||(showinfo = 0); window['player_'+el_id] = new YT.Player(id, { height: '720', width: '900', videoId: url, playerVars: { 'controls': controls, 'showinfo': showinfo, 'rel':0 }, events: { 'onError': window['onPlayerError'+el_id], 'onReady': window['onPlayerReady'+el_id], 'onStateChange': window['onPlayerStateChange'+el_id], 'loop':1 } }); }) }); jQuery(function(){ jQuery('.huge-it-iframe').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); var quality = HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['quality']; window['onPlayerStateChange'+el_id] = function(event) { if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING) { HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+el_id]['state']='played'; event.target.setPlaybackQuality(quality); } } }); }); function stopYoutubeVideo(currentVideo,nextVideo) { if(currentVideo) { (HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+currentVideo]['state'])?currentVideo&&(window['player_'+currentVideo]['pauseVideo']()):currentVideo&&(window['player_'+currentVideo]['stopVideo']()); } nextVideo&&HUGEIT_YT_IFRAMES['iframe'+nextVideo]['autoplay']&&(window['player_'+nextVideo]['playVideo']()); } function stopVimeoVideo(currentVideo,nextVideo){ jQuery(currentVideo).vimeo('pause'); jQuery(nextVideo).vimeo('play'); } /*** initialize And youtube autopay ***/ jQuery( window ).load(function() { (function VimeoOptionsReady(){ //calling funtion once jQuery('.huge-it-iframe-vimeo').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); jQuery(this).vimeo('setColor',HUGEIT_VIMEOS['iframe'+el_id]['color']); jQuery(this).vimeo('setVolume',HUGEIT_VIMEOS['iframe'+el_id]['volume']); }) }()); if('off' == 'on') { if(jQuery('.huge-it-iframe-vimeo.autoplay').length) { (function AutoplayVimeo() { var setplayVideo = setInterval(hugeitframe, 100); function hugeitframe() { var vimeo1 = jQuery('.huge_it_slider_48 li').first().find('.autoplay') if(vimeo1.length) { vimeo1.vimeo('play'); clearInterval(setplayVideo); } } }()); } if(jQuery('.huge-it-iframe.autoplay').length) { (function AutoplayYoutube() { var setplayVideo = setInterval(hugeitframe, 100); function hugeitframe() { jQuery('.huge-it-iframe.autoplay').each(function(){ var el_id = jQuery(this).attr('data-element-id'); if(window['player_'+el_id]) { window['player_'+el_id]['playVideo'](); clearInterval(setplayVideo); } }); } }()); } } }); /*** initialize***/ <!-- --> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('.thumb_wrapper').on('click', function(ev) { var myid = jQuery(this).data('rowid'); myid = parseInt(myid); eval('player_' + myid + '.playVideo()'); ev.preventDefault(); }); }); if(typeof sliderID_array =="undefined") { var sliderID_array=[]; } var data_48 = []; var event_stack_48 = []; data_48["0"]=[];data_48["0"]["id"]="0";data_48["0"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/10.jpg";data_48["0"]["description"]="";data_48["0"]["alt"]="";data_48["1"]=[];data_48["1"]["id"]="1";data_48["1"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/9.jpg";data_48["1"]["description"]="";data_48["1"]["alt"]="";data_48["2"]=[];data_48["2"]["id"]="2";data_48["2"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/8.jpg";data_48["2"]["description"]="";data_48["2"]["alt"]="";data_48["3"]=[];data_48["3"]["id"]="3";data_48["3"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/11.jpg";data_48["3"]["description"]="";data_48["3"]["alt"]="";data_48["4"]=[];data_48["4"]["id"]="4";data_48["4"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/6.jpg";data_48["4"]["description"]="";data_48["4"]["alt"]="";data_48["5"]=[];data_48["5"]["id"]="5";data_48["5"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/7.jpg";data_48["5"]["description"]="";data_48["5"]["alt"]="";data_48["6"]=[];data_48["6"]["id"]="6";data_48["6"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/5.jpg";data_48["6"]["description"]="";data_48["6"]["alt"]="";data_48["7"]=[];data_48["7"]["id"]="7";data_48["7"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/3.jpg";data_48["7"]["description"]="";data_48["7"]["alt"]="";data_48["8"]=[];data_48["8"]["id"]="8";data_48["8"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2.jpg";data_48["8"]["description"]="";data_48["8"]["alt"]="";data_48["9"]=[];data_48["9"]["id"]="9";data_48["9"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/1.jpg";data_48["9"]["description"]="";data_48["9"]["alt"]="";data_48["10"]=[];data_48["10"]["id"]="10";data_48["10"]["image_url"]="https://www.myrrha.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/14.jpg";data_48["10"]["description"]="";data_48["10"]["alt"]=""; var huge_it_trans_in_progress_48 = false; var huge_it_transition_duration_48 = 1000; var huge_interval = {}; var id_array_index = sliderID_array.length; sliderID_array[id_array_index] = // Stop autoplay. window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+48]); var huge_it_current_key_48 = ''; function huge_it_move_dots_48() { var image_left = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").position().left; var image_right = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").position().left + jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").outerWidth(true); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_48() { return huge_it_testDom_48('Transition'); } function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_48() { return huge_it_testDom_48('Perspective'); } function huge_it_testDom_48(prop) { // Browser vendor CSS prefixes. var browserVendors = ['', '-webkit-', '-moz-', '-ms-', '-o-', '-khtml-']; // Browser vendor DOM prefixes. var domPrefixes = ['', 'Webkit', 'Moz', 'ms', 'O', 'Khtml']; var i = domPrefixes.length; while (i--) { if (typeof document.body.style[domPrefixes[i] + prop] !== 'undefined') { return true; } } return false; } function huge_it_cube_48(tz, ntx, nty, nrx, nry, wrx, wry, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support 3d transforms/CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_48()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); return huge_it_fallback_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_48()) { return huge_it_fallback3d_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery(current_image_class).css({'z-index': 'none'}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'z-index' : 2}); huge_it_trans_in_progress_48 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_48").css('perspective', 1000); jQuery(current_image_class).css({ transform : 'translateZ(' + tz + 'px)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_48,.huge_it_slide_bg_48,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_48,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_48 ").css('overflow', 'visible'); jQuery(next_image_class).css({ opacity : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', backfaceVisibility : 'hidden', transform : 'translateY(' + nty + 'px) translateX(' + ntx + 'px) rotateY('+ nry +'deg) rotateX('+ nrx +'deg)' }); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_48").css({ transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px)', transformStyle: 'preserve-3d' }); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { jQuery(".huge_it_slider_48").css({ transition: 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_48 + 'ms ease-in-out', transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px) rotateX('+ wrx +'deg) rotateY('+ wry +'deg)' }); }, 20); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_48").one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_48,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_48,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_48 ").css('overflow', 'hidden'); jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_48").removeAttr('style'); jQuery(current_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(next_image_class).removeAttr('style'); jQuery(".huge_it_slider_48").removeAttr('style'); // alert(current_image_class+' '+next_image_class); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=0)', 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', 'z-index' : 2}); // huge_it_change_watermark_container_48(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_48 = false; if (typeof event_stack_48 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_48.length > 0) { key = event_stack_48[0].split("-"); event_stack_48.shift(); huge_it_change_image_48(key[0], key[1], data_48, true,false); } } } function huge_it_cubeH_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image width.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).width() / 2; if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_48(dimension, dimension, 0, 0, 90, 0, -90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_48(dimension, -dimension, 0, 0, -90, 0, 90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } function huge_it_cubeV_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* Set to half of image height.*/ var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).height() / 2; /* If next slide.*/ if (direction == 'right') { huge_it_cube_48(dimension, 0, -dimension, 90, 0, -90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else if (direction == 'left') { huge_it_cube_48(dimension, 0, dimension, -90, 0, 90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } /* For browsers that does not support transitions.*/ function huge_it_fallback_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_fade_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } /* For browsers that support transitions, but not 3d transforms (only used if primary transition makes use of 3d-transforms).*/ function huge_it_fallback3d_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_sliceV_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_none_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); } function huge_it_fade_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_48()) { jQuery(next_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_48 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_48 + 'ms linear'); jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); } else { jQuery(current_image_class).animate({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index' : 1}, huge_it_transition_duration_48); jQuery(next_image_class).animate({ 'opacity' : 1, 'z-index': 2 }, { duration: huge_it_transition_duration_48, complete: function () {return false;} }); // For IE. jQuery(current_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_48, 0); jQuery(next_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_48, 1); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); } function huge_it_grid_48(cols, rows, ro, tx, ty, sc, op, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { /* If browser does not support CSS transitions.*/ if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_48()) { jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); return huge_it_fallback_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } huge_it_trans_in_progress_48 = true; /* Set active thumbnail.*/ jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48"); jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_48 + "_48").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_48").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48"); /* The time (in ms) added to/subtracted from the delay total for each new gridlet.*/ var count = (huge_it_transition_duration_48) / (cols + rows); /* Gridlet creator (divisions of the image grid, positioned with background-images to replicate the look of an entire slide image when assembled)*/ function huge_it_gridlet(width, height, top, img_top, left, img_left, src, imgWidth, imgHeight, c, r) { var delay = (c + r) * count; /* Return a gridlet elem with styles for specific transition.*/ return jQuery('
').css({ width : width, height : height, top : top, left : left, backgroundImage : 'url("' + src + '")', backgroundColor: jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_48").css("background-color"), /*backgroundColor: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0),*/ backgroundRepeat: 'no-repeat', backgroundPosition : img_left + 'px ' + img_top + 'px', backgroundSize : imgWidth + 'px ' + imgHeight + 'px', transition : 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_48 + 'ms ease-in-out ' + delay + 'ms', transform : 'none' }); } /* Get the current slide's image.*/ var cur_img = jQuery(current_image_class).find('img'); /* Create a grid to hold the gridlets.*/ var grid = jQuery('
').addClass('huge_it_grid_48'); /* Prepend the grid to the next slide (i.e. so it's above the slide image).*/ jQuery(current_image_class).prepend(grid); /* vars to calculate positioning/size of gridlets*/ var cont = jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_48"); var imgWidth = cur_img.width(); var imgHeight = cur_img.height(); var contWidth = cont.width(), contHeight = cont.height(), imgSrc = cur_img.attr('src'),/*.replace('/thumb', ''),*/ colWidth = Math.floor(contWidth / cols), rowHeight = Math.floor(contHeight / rows), colRemainder = contWidth - (cols * colWidth), colAdd = Math.ceil(colRemainder / cols), rowRemainder = contHeight - (rows * rowHeight), rowAdd = Math.ceil(rowRemainder / rows), leftDist = 0, img_leftDist = (jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_48").width() - cur_img.width()) / 2; /* tx/ty args can be passed as 'auto'/'min-auto' (meaning use slide width/height or negative slide width/height).*/ tx = tx === 'auto' ? contWidth : tx; tx = tx === 'min-auto' ? - contWidth : tx; ty = ty === 'auto' ? contHeight : ty; ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty; /* Loop through cols*/ for (var i = 0; i 0) { var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder; newColWidth += add; colRemainder -= add; } /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/ for (var j = 0; j 0) { add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder; newRowHeight += add; newRowRemainder -= add; } /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/ grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j)); topDist += newRowHeight; img_topDst -= newRowHeight; } img_leftDist -= newColWidth; leftDist += newColWidth; } /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/ var last_gridlet = grid.children().last(); /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/ grid.show(); cur_img.css('opacity', 0); /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/ grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left'); grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right'); grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left'); grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right'); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { grid.children().css({ opacity: op, transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')' }); }, 1); jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); cur_img.css('opacity', 1); grid.remove(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_48 = false; if (typeof event_stack_48 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_48.length > 0) { key = event_stack_48[0].split("-"); event_stack_48.shift(); huge_it_change_image_48(key[0], key[1], data_48, true,false); } } } function huge_it_sliceH_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_48(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_sliceV_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_48(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideV_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } huge_it_grid_48(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideH_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_48(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleOut_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleIn_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blockScale_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_kaleidoscope_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_fan_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var rotate = 45; var translateX = 100; } else if (direction == 'left') { var rotate = -45; var translateX = -100; } huge_it_grid_48(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blindV_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_48(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_48(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_48"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_48() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_48(current_key, key, data_48, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_48[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_48").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_48").attr("data-image_key"); 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simbolo1

ARCHITETTURE DEL SALENTO: LE TORRI DI DIFESA

 

Santa Sofia diventa La “Grande Moschea” e nasce nel Mediterraneo Orientale una nuova, grande, colta ed aggressiva superba potenza, che entrerà velocemente in conflitto con la Repubblica di Venezia, la quale, fino ad allora, aveva liberamente solcato i mari dall’Adriatico all’Egeo, con i suoi flussi mercantili e le innumerevoli postazioni e domini, seminati dalla Dalmazia fino all’Asia Minore ed oltre. La Puglia, diventava un nodo strategico per le scorrerie Ottomane e,nonostante l’occupazione della penisola nel 1484 da parte dei veneziani (lo sbarco a Taviano), questi ultimi non riuscirono più, a frenarne l’impeto. L’Algerino Khaized-Din (detto il Barbarossa), nel 1537, distrusse Castro e Marittima e, sul versante ionico, l’antica Ugento. Il sistema di difesa della Puglia, ed in particolare del Salento, era impreparato e precario; tra opere risalenti prima agli antichi Romani, poi ai Bizantini (per difendersi da Longobardi ed Aragonesi), costruite nei secoli precedenti sotto forma di torri costiere e masserie fortificate, esso non era più all’altezza del compito. A questo punto, nel panorama europeo, l’aspro conflitto tra Francesco I Re di Francia, e Carlo V re di Spagna, si risolse in favore di quest’ultimo portandolo a governare una gran parte d’Europa.

La Storia del Salento è costellata da una miriade di invasioni: all’inizio, da parte di popoli divenuti stanziali, come i Messapi ed i Japigi; poi, da parte dei greci; incursioni di pirati saraceni, attacchi e saccheggi, ed ora il grande pericolo degli Ottomani, che tra l’altro cullavano l’idea di riunificare l’Impero Romano d’Oriente con Roma. Fu dunque sotto l’Impero di Carlo V che il Vicerè del Regno di Napoli, Pietro de Toledo, nel 1532, promosse un’imponente e strategica prima linea di difesa lungo le coste Adriatiche e Ioniche della Puglia, con quel vasto promontorio che si protende nel cuore del Mediterraneo. Come un’urbanista dei sistemi di difesa, fece realizzare un progetto dove ogni torre potesse vedere e segnalare alla successiva i pericoli incombenti. Come allarme si usavano i corni e le campane, o allarmi visivi, come il fumo (di giorno) ed il fuoco (la notte). Una seconda linea di difesa erano le masserie fortificate e, più all’interno, imponenti Castelli tra i quali spicca, ancora oggi, quello di Acaya. Il provvedimento del Viceré fu rafforzato nel 1563 dall’ordinanza di Don Pedro Afan de Ribera.

Quest’Italia, protesa e bagnata dalle acque quasi in ogni punto del suo periplo, “offriva” e fungeva da attrazione e calamita per altre popolazioni.

Oggi l’esodo biblico che milioni di genti compiono quotidianamente in questi ultimi anni, rimette in moto antichi rancori, paure e disequilibri, e deve nascere una coscienza nuova che induca i grandi Stati (colonizzatori) a sviluppare nei luoghi di origine lavoro e sviluppo, per riportare il nostro mare ad essere, come da sempre, luogo di mercanti, di scambi economico-finanziari, di cultura, direligione, di pensiero e di lavoro.

Nel 1529, dopo altri conflitti e finalmente l’intesa con il Papa Clemente VII, Carlo V ottenne il riconoscimento dei suoi “ambìti” possedimenti in Italia, tra i quali il Regno di Napoli, che includeva l’amata Puglia (dove tra l’altro non arrivò mai).

Il costo economico di tale impresa era diventato così alto che, attraverso bandi di concorso, si conferivano titoli a chi s’incaricava di costruire torri, assegnandogli il titolo di “Capitano di Torre”, il quale, oltre a segnalare scorrerie ed ad approntare difese con cannoni ed archibugi, poteva anche riscuotere dazi. Agli insolventi veniva “duramente” negato il diritto di difesa.

Le Torri, in seguito, serviranno anche per contrastare il contrabbando, in parte tollerato, per impedire il commercio abusivo del sale molto in voga in quei tempi, data la povertà delle popolazioni contadine, e ad intercettare il traffico degli schiavi. Quelle edificate da Carlo V, costruite con conci di tufo regolari, sono generalmente a pianta quadrata o circolare, con il basamento scarpato; all’interno, ambienti normalmente su 2 livelli ed un terrazzo merlato di copertura; feritoie e caditoie completano la facciata. Le Torri sono fornite di una cisterna sotterranea per raccogliere l’acqua piovana. In certi casi, oggi, sono delle Capitanerie di Porto ancora efficienti; molte sono solo ruderi (purtroppo) ed altre sono state restaurate. Come dice Mario Muscari Tomajoli “La costruzione di Osservazioni fortificate è riportata fin da Plutarco (125-50 a.C.) e fu realizzata anche dai Romani, il cui commercio venne messo in crisi dai pirati sino al 67 a. c., quando la legge Gabinia consentì a Pompeo di armare una flotta contro i predoni e rendere tranquillo il Mare Nostrum”.

Ma questo sistema di difesa non esiste solo in Puglia e nel basso Salento, bensì in tutte le nostre ed in tante altre coste del Mediterraneo, e segna, come un’immane punteggiatura nelle mappe, il rapporto di amore e di paura che il grande mare portava con sé.

Il primato della civiltà, della storia, della fertilità della natura, del costume, le imponeva anche sistemi di autodifesa, ed ecco che, oggi, queste mirabili costruzioni, nel ritmico fluire dei paesaggi, diventano segni indelebili della storia.

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IL_DISASTRO

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