ORO DI PUGLIA: LA PIETRA LECCESE di Giusto Puri Purini – Numero 9 – Dicembre 2017

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ORO DI  PUGLIA:  LA PIETRA LECCESE

 

Giusto-Puro-Purini-storia

«Neglette, e quasi molli in ampia massa,
le pietre a Lecce crea l’alma Natura:
ma poiché son rescise, in loro passa virtute,
che le pregia, e che l’indura:
mirabili a vederle, ò se vi si lassa
scelti lavor la dedala scultura,
ò se ne fanno i dorici Architetti
gran frontespitij con superbi aspetti».

(Ascanio Grandi, I fasti sacri, 1635)

 

nella Puglia

esistenti sotto svariate forme e combinazioni chimiche, affioranti e non, dalla piana ai modesti rilievi, si è presto associata ai destini delle popolazioni quivi giunte da più parti, ma soprattutto dal Mediterraneo orientale. 

 

Furono Japigi, Messapi, fino alla conquista romana, a scavare
ed utilizzare queste pietre tagliate a misura, a seconda della durezza
ed impiegarle all’inizio, nella realizzazione di antichi simboli cosmici, quali Dolmen e Menhir, con lastre e colonne di grandi dimensioni.

 

Le parti più dure e compatte, di quelle tante varietà che il suolo offriva, trasformarono poi l’Habitat, dalle grotte alle costruzioni lignee ed infine alla pietra. Oggi quel materiale, estratto in cave di grande, media e piccola dimensione come nei piccoli appezzamenti contadini, marca definitivamente il territorio della Puglia ed in particolare del basso Salento. Lecce, mitica città del sud Italia, ne fu il centro: il suo nome nasce dalla sovrapposizione di una lupa (Lupia in latino) e dell’Ilex (il Leccio), entrambi raffigurati nello stemma della città, a simboleggiare l’uno la Civiltà romana, l’altro i grandi boschi di lecci che anticamente coprivano quelle terre. Lecce, anche il luogo dove i calcaridi affioravano nella piana, come una gigantesca vena. All’origine fu Sybar, città Messapica, diventando Lupiae dopo la conquista romana; ma fu solo dall’arrivo dei Normanni (nell’XI secolo), che vi trasferirono la capitale e la loro corte e ove nacque Tancredi, figlio di Ruggero III, a svilupparsi come grande centro, diventando nel tempo quella meravigliosa città che oggi vediamo. 

 

Il segreto fu, dunque, quell’immane blocco di Leccisu (la Pietra leccese), la parte più pura dei calcaridi, cangiante di tonalità a seconda della luce, in una infinita quantità di toni e sottotoni del giallo e soprattutto resistente al tempo ed alle intemperie. 

Il miracolo, quindi, di una pietra che, esposta all’aria e messa in opera, si compatta e solidifica. L’Oro di Puglia, affiorante in superficie, si estendeva da Lecce fino a Corigliano d’Otranto, Melpignano, Maglie e Cursi. Gli Aragonesi, durante il Regno di Napoli, ne fecero uno dei centri più importanti del Mediterraneo, costruendo Castelli, Infrastrutture, Palazzi, Masserie e Torri di difesa fortificate. Si diede libero sfogo all’uso soprattutto dei calcari, in dimensioni massicce, alternando nelle strutture portanti, realizzate con perizia e qualità artigianale, materiali compatti di varie gradazioni. Lo conferma, oggi, l’eccellente stato di conservazione di molte opere.  

 

Con gli spagnoli, iniziò anche la costruzione di molte Chiese, a fare
da contraltare alle imponenti architetture guerresche; ed è qui
che iniziò l’avventura di quel meraviglioso Barocco Leccese,

 

che ammiriamo oggi, ricco di fregi, balconi, estradossi, infradossi, volute, sculture grottesche, rosoni, significati esoterici, che l’infinita malleabilità della pietra leccese (Leccisu), permetteva a grandi artisti ed artigiani di scolpire e realizzare. Tutta Lecce, oggi, è un fluire di scorci barocchi, illuminati o spenti dal variare della luce solare e non, facendo ora risaltare quell’aggetto, ora quel timpano, o quella lesena, evidenziandone i chiaroscuri. Tra le opere più belle, la Basilica di S. Croce(1549-1695) disegnata da Gabriele Ricciardi e realizzata dagli architetti Cesare Penna e Giuseppe Zimbalo, che ristrutturò tra l’altro anche il Duomo dell’Assunta tra il 1659 ed il 1670.

 

La pietra leccese portò anche una rivoluzione nella costruzione 

delle volte,

 

in particolare le molte varianti di quelle a stella ed altre, che arricchivano i palazzi nobiliari; ma anche le semplici case dei salentini, data la perizia dei contadini muratori-architetti e voltaroli. E tutta l’area fu invasa da una miriade di piccoli Templi e Cappelle, i quali, pur in modo semplice e spoglio, segnavano comunque la magia del vivere salentino.

Ciò fu possibile grazie alla facilità di tagliare a misura i conci in leccisu per le volte, a seconda dell’ampiezza del fabbricato.


Una forma di progressione geometrica nell’avvicinarsi al centro della volta, già vista nelle pagliare, che oggi, nei progetti, date certe misure auliche molto ripetitive, fanno pensare ad un sistema contemporaneo di prefabbricazione. Ancora adesso, moderne aziende come la Pimar di Maglie, estraggono i preziosi conci in gigantesche cave a cielo aperto, esportando il leccisu in tutto il mondo, collaborando con grossi studi internazionali (Renzo Piano, Jean Nouvel ecc. …) e grandi Designer come Ugo La Pietra.

 

Gli artigiani scalpellini, nelle loro botteghe, sperimentano design di ogni tipo, scultori ed artisti ne fanno largo uso ed è vissuto come un vanto il possedere un pavimento, una rifinitura, un portale, un capitello, realizzato con l’Oro di Puglia.

 

 

 

 

 

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ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty; /* Loop through cols*/ for (var i = 0; i 0) { var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder; newColWidth += add; colRemainder -= add; } /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/ for (var j = 0; j 0) { add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder; newRowHeight += add; newRowRemainder -= add; } /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/ grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j)); topDist += newRowHeight; img_topDst -= newRowHeight; } img_leftDist -= newColWidth; leftDist += newColWidth; } /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/ var last_gridlet = grid.children().last(); /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/ grid.show(); cur_img.css('opacity', 0); /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/ grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left'); grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right'); grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left'); grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right'); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { grid.children().css({ opacity: op, transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')' }); }, 1); jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); cur_img.css('opacity', 1); grid.remove(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_67 = false; if (typeof event_stack_67 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_67.length > 0) { key = event_stack_67[0].split("-"); event_stack_67.shift(); huge_it_change_image_67(key[0], key[1], data_67, true,false); } } } function huge_it_sliceH_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_67(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_sliceV_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_67(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideV_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } huge_it_grid_67(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideH_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_67(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleOut_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleIn_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blockScale_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_kaleidoscope_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_fan_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var rotate = 45; var translateX = 100; } else if (direction == 'left') { var rotate = -45; var translateX = -100; } huge_it_grid_67(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blindV_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_67(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_67"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_67() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_67(current_key, key, data_67, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_67[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_67").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_67").attr("data-image_key"); } if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_67) { event_stack_67.push(current_key + '-' + key); return; } var direction = 'right'; if (huge_it_current_key_67 > key) { direction = 'left'; } else if (huge_it_current_key_67 == key) { return false; } // Set active thumbnail position. huge_it_current_key_67 = key; jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_67").attr('data-image_id', data_67[key]["id"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_67").html(data_67[key]["alt"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_67").html(data_67[key]["description"]); var current_image_class = "#image_id_67_" + data_67[current_key]["id"]; var next_image_class = "#image_id_67_" + data_67[key]["id"]; if (jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_67').length > 0) { var streffect = 'fade'; if (streffect == "cubeV" || streffect == "cubeH" || streffect == "none" || streffect == "fade") { huge_it_fade_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else { huge_it_fade_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } else { huge_it_fade_67(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_67').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_67').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_67').addClass('none'); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_67').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_67').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_67').addClass('none'); } jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_67').addClass('none'); jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_67').addClass('none'); huge_it_move_dots_67(); /*** for vimeo and youtube stop pause play etc... ***/ var nextVideo = jQuery('#video_id_67_' + key).attr('data-element-id'); var currentVideo = jQuery('#video_id_67_' + current_key).attr('data-element-id'); /*** add ***/ (currentVideo || nextVideo) && stopYoutubeVideo(currentVideo, nextVideo); if ((jQuery('#player_67_' + current_key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo')) { jQuery('#player_67_' + current_key).vimeo('pause'); } if ((jQuery('#player_67_' + key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo') && ('off' == 'on')) { jQuery('#player_67_' + key).vimeo('play'); } /*** ***/ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_' +67]); play_67(); } } var staticthumbWidth; jQuery(window).load(function() { staticthumbWidth = jQuery('#huge_it_thumb_slider>li').width(); }); function huge_it_popup_resize_67() { var staticsliderwidth =900; var sliderwidth =900; var bodyWidth = jQuery(window).width(); var parentWidth = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_67").parent().width(); if (sliderwidth > parentWidth) { sliderwidth = parentWidth; } if (sliderwidth > bodyWidth) { sliderwidth = bodyWidth; } var str=652/(staticsliderwidth); var str2 =100/900; var sliderDynamicImageHeight = sliderwidth*str; var sliderDynamicThumbHeight = 0; jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_67').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight+sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_67').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_67 li').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery("#huge_it_loading_image_67").css({display: "none"}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_67").css({opacity: 1}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_67").removeClass("nocolor"); if ("resize"=="crop"){ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_ul li img").each(function(){ if(jQuery(this).prop('naturalWidth')>jQuery(this).prop('naturalHeight')) jQuery(this).css({'width':'100%','height':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); else{ jQuery(this).css({'height':'100%','width':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); } }); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_67").css({opacity:1}); } jQuery(window).load(function () { jQuery(window).resize(function() { huge_it_popup_resize_67(); }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_left_67').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_67(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()) - iterator_67()) >= 0 ? (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()) - iterator_67()) % data_67.length : data_67.length - 1, data_67,false,true); return false; }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_right_67').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_67(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()) + iterator_67()) % data_67.length, data_67,false,true); return false; }); huge_it_popup_resize_67(); /* Disable right click.*/ jQuery('div[id^="huge_it_container"]').bind("contextmenu", function () { return false; }); /*HOVER SLIDESHOW*/ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_67, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_67, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_67,#huge_it_slideshow_right_67,#huge_it_slideshow_left_67").hover(function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_67").css({'display':'inline'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_67").css({'display':'inline'}); },function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_67").css({'display':'none'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_67").css({'display':'none'}); }); if(pausehover=="on" && !/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_67, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_67").hover(function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+67]); scrolling = false; },function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+67]); scrolling = true; play_67(); }); } play_67(); }); function play_67(){ if(scrolling || /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+67] = setInterval(function () { var iterator = 1; huge_it_change_image_67(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_67').val()) + iterator) % data_67.length, data_67,false,false); }, '4000'); } } jQuery(window).focus(function() { var i_67 = 0; jQuery(".huge_it_slider_67").children("div").each(function () { if (jQuery(this).css('opacity') == 1) { jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_67").val(i_67); } i_67++; }); }); jQuery(window).blur(function() { console.log(event_stack_67); window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+67]); }); jQuery(window).focus(function() { play_67() });
jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery) { setInterval(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slider_67').find("li").each(function() { if (jQuery(this).css("opacity") == "1") { var img_id = jQuery(this).attr('id'); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_67').each(function() { var allListElements = jQuery('li[id=' + img_id + ']'); jQuery(this).find(allListElements).not(".bx-clone").each(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_67 li').find(".trans_back").css('background', 'rgba(255,255,255,0.3)'); jQuery(this).find('.trans_back').css('background', 'none'); }) }) } }) }, 100) })
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